How to spot the Scorpionfish when scuba diving
Scorpaena cardinalis
Found in tropical and temperate oceans worldwide, with highest diversity in the Indo-Pacific region. The family includes scorpionfish, lionfish, and stonefish, comprising about 200 species across numerous genera.
Present year-round in their habitats. Many species are more active during dusk and night, but readily observed during day dives as they often rest in stationary positions.
Found across a range from temperate to tropical waters, typically 18-30°C (64-86°F), depending on species and location.
Masters of camouflage, found on coral reefs, rocky substrates, and sometimes sandy or rubble bottoms from shallow waters down to about 100m (most commonly 5-40m). Their exceptional camouflage makes them challenging to spot as they perfectly mimic surrounding rocks, coral, and algae. Look carefully at reef structures, noting unusual shapes or eyes where there shouldn't be any. Common throughout Indo-Pacific reefs, with sites in Indonesia, Philippines, and Australia being particularly rich in species diversity. Exercise caution as their dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines are venomous, capable of causing painful (though rarely life-threatening) injuries.
Worldwide observation of the Scorpaena cardinalis
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Data sources
- Photos: Wikimedia Commons
- Distribution and specie data: GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)
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